Marian Miner Cook
Athenaeum

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The Age of a Billion Answers: Promise and Peril in AI’s Rare Outputs

Thu, October 29, 2026
Dinner Program
Zachary Horvitz

Join this technological conversation on how we are transitioning into a new era: Language models now answer billions of questions each day, from everyday how-to requests to supporting doctors and scientists in their work. Yet each response is only one sample from a much larger distribution of possible answers. Zachary Horvitz, an AI researcher at Columbia University, argues that both AI’s greatest promise and its greatest danger may lie in the rare outputs hidden within this distribution. He will explore how unusual outputs, and the methods researchers use to elicit and verify them, have shaped the development of artificial intelligence and what they could mean for scientific discovery. He will also examine the risks that rare model behaviors pose for a society increasingly reliant on AI systems.

Zachary Horvitz is a PhD candidate in computer science at Columbia University, where he studies rare behaviors in AI systems and methods for controlling them at inference time. His research has appeared at leading machine learning and natural language processing conferences, and his work on humor and language models received an ACL Outstanding Paper Award. He is supported by a Google PhD Fellowship. Previously, he was a research lead at Rad AI, whose products are now used by more than 40% of U.S. health systems. He earned his A.B. and Sc.M. from Brown University, where he studied computer science and anthropology.

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Marian Miner Cook Athenaeum

Claremont McKenna College
385 E. Eighth Street
Claremont, CA 91711