Explore Lowe Institute research and analysis of the economic, demographic, housing, population, industry, and other trends shaping the Inland Empire. This collection brings together reports and studies examining the region’s economy and its changing communities.

2026 Reports and Publications

07-27-2026 The Ant and the Grasshopper and the Inland Empire by Manfred Keil Jiaxin Chen

07-02-2026 Where Have All the People Gone? by Manfred Keil and Jiaxin Chen

06-06-2026 SCNG: Jobless Growth or the Ghost Economy by Manfred Keil and Jiaxin Chen

03-16-2026 Economic Conditions and Outlook Part 2: the Inland Empire by Manfred Keil and Robert Kleinhenz

03-01-2026 Economic Conditions and Outlook Part 1: the U.S. and California by Manfred Keil and Robert Kleinhenz

2025 Reports and Publications

12-22-2025 25 Good Things That Happened in 2025 Around Here by Jiaxin Chen and Manfred Keil

08-19-2025 Need for Diversification in the Inland Empire, Part 1:  San Bernardino County by Manfred Keil and Mark Schniepp

08-07-2025 A Mid-Summer Night's Economic Dream, Final Act:  The Future of the Region by Manfred Keil and Mark Schniepp

07-23-2025 A Mid-Summer Night's Economic Dream, Act 2:  The State and Regional Picture by Manfred Keil and Mark Schniepp

07-07-2025 A Mid-Summer Night's Economic Dream, Act 1:  The National Picture by Manfred Keil and Mark Schniepp

06-05-2025 SCNG:  The 2025 economic picture is uncertain for the Inland Empire by Manfred Keil and Mark Schniepp

05-08-2025 The Recession of 2025: Myth or Reality in the Age of Uncertainty by Manfred Keil and Mark Schniepp

04-11-2025 The Effect of President Trump’s Tariffs on the Inland Empire Economy by Manfred Keil and Robert Kleinhenz

03-17-2025 "California Data Revisions Reveal:  Warning Lights Are Flashing for the Inland Empire Economy" by Manfred Keil

03-03-2025 "The Answer, my Friend, Is Blowing in the Wind: Uncertainty and the Inland Empire in 2025" by Manfred Keil and Robert Kleinhenz

01-29-2025 "Done with 2024:  How Good a Year Was It for the Inland Empire?" by Charles Bollwerk and Manfred Keil 

2024 Reports and Publications

12-20-2024 "How the Inland Empire stacks up to other Southern California regions in real GDP growth" by Manfred Keil and Ivan Kolesnikov (pdf)

10-21-2024 "You Would Pick Up Your Father from ONT, but Would You Pick Up Your Mother from LAX?" by Manfred Keil and Claire Meier-Scherling

07-12-2024 "The Inland Empire is a puzzle when it comes to recent economic growth" by Manfred Keil and Mark Schniepp

06-17-2024 "Great Resignation and Great Reshuffling in the Inland Empire Cities?" by Manfred Keil and Suchen Hou

05-30-2024 "California Has Highest State Unemployment Rate (5.3%), Inland Empire: 5.4%. Are We the Biggest Losers?" by Manfred Keil and Ethan Sattley

04-04-2024 "There's More to the Economy than Unemployment Rates" by Manfred Keil and Robert Kleinhenz (link to pdf)

03-15-2024 "Where is Employment Heading in the Inland Empire:  The January 2024 Employment Report" by Manfred Keil and Ivan Kolesnikov

03-03-2024 "To Ship or Not To Ship:  Logistics Drives Southern California’s Bifurcated Recovery" by Annika Johnson and Manfred Keil

01-22-2024 "Bifurcated Economic Recovery from the Coronavirus Recession: And the Winner is…?" by Manfred Keil and Arlo Jay

2023 Reports and Publications

12-15-2023 The San Bernardino SUN:  What is the outlook for the economy in the U.S. and the Inland Empire? by Jinghan Hu, Manfred Keil and Ivan Kolesnikov (pdf)

10-08-2023 The San Bernardino SUN:  "What explains losses in warehousing employment in the Inland Empire?" by Manfred Keil, Johannes Moenius, and Ivan Kolesnikov (pdf)

10-1-2023:  "The Logistics Industry - Quo Vadis?" by Manfred Keil, Johannes Moenius, and Ivan Kolesnikov

9-8-2023: "The End is Near: Hard Landing or Soft Landing?" by Manfred Keil and Jinghan Hu

6-5-2023: "A Recently Released Report Finds that Businesses Continue to Relocate to More Business-Friendly States But Offers Recommendations to Help California Stem the Tide" – Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce Press Release

01-17-2023 An investigation into the probability that this is the last year of the economic expansion by Manfred Keil, Ed Leamer, and Yao Li

2022 Reports and Publications

9-30-2022: “Is there an increased probability of recession within the next 12 months?” by Manfred Keil and Robert A. Kleinhenz – San Bernardino Sun

9-24-2022: “‘Red Light Green Light’ – Now Yellow Light?" by Manfred Keil and Robert A. Kleinhenz

8-17-2022: “Running up that (price) hill with 8.5% inflation” by Jinghan Hu and Manfred Keil – San Bernardino Sun

8-08-2022: “An Investigation into the Probability That This is the Last Year of a U.S. Economic Expansion” by Manfred Keil, Edward Leamer, Yao Li

8-03-2022: “National recession vs. Inland Empire recession, where do we stand?” by Manfred Keil, Robert A. Kleinhenz and Muxi Li – San Bernardino Sun

5-28-2022: “Forecasting Economic Activity for the Nation and State” (Presentation) by Manfred Keil

5-20-2022: “Good Things Hardly Come Twice – How About Bad Things?” by Manfred Keil and Yao Li

5-15-2022: “Job Gains Continue in IE and the Nation” by Manfred W. Keil and Robert A. Kleinhenz – San Bernardino Sun

2-04-2022: “Inland Empire’s Recovery in 2021 and Outlook for 2022” by Manfred W. Keil and Robert A. Kleinhenz

2021 Reports and Publications

12-17-2021: “21 Things to be Thankful for in 2021” by Sarah Chen and Manfred Keil

9-17-21: “Americans’ Inflation Fears Reach a Fever Pitch as Consumer Prices Rise” by Manfred Keil and Robert Kleinhenz – Inland Empire Economic Partnership (IEEP) Op-Ed

9-9-21: “The Inland Empire strikes back with its economic recovery” by Manfred Keil and Lauren Kula – San Bernardino Sun

5-7-21: “Latest U.S. Data Means Good News for the Inland Empire Economy” by Manfred W. Keil and Robert A. Kleinhenz 

4-21-2021: “The economy’s going to be hot this summer” by Manfred Keil and Robert A. Kleinhenz – Inland Valley Daily Bulletin

3-24-2022: “2021 Real Estate Market Forecast” featuring Manfred Keil (Facebook Video)

3-17-21: “Dr. Manfred Keil Discusses the Economy One Year After the Start of the Pandemic” – KVCR 91.9 

2020 Reports and Publications

3-18-20: “2020 Real Estate Market Forecast Amid COVID-19” featuring Manfred Keil (Facebook video)

3-13-20: “Inland Empire Together: Responding to the Coronavirus” Webinar by IEEP at Loma Linda University (Vimeo video)

2-01-21: “2020 CVEP Greater Palm Springs Economic Report”

3-12-19: “Inland Empire Economic Report 2021”